Citation Guidelines

Nexus of Structural Equation Modeling (NSEM) recommends IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) reference format. The method of writing citations in the text uses a number format for example [1], a full reference should appear in the reference list at the end. For the reference list, use 9 pts, Minion Pro, justified. For a detailed guide on IEEE format, Click Here.
  1. General Formatting
  • Citations should be numbered consecutively in the order they appear in the text.
  • Use Arabic numerals in square brackets (e.g., [1], [2,3], or [4-6]).
  • The reference list should be in numerical order, corresponding to the citations in the text.
  1. Citation in Text
  • Single reference: "According to recent studies [1]."
  • Multiple references: "Several studies support this finding [2,3]."
  • Consecutive references: "This method is widely used in research [4-6]."
  1. Reference List Formata. Journal Articles
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author, "Title of article," Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, Month, Year.
    Example:
    [1] J. W. Creswell and V. L. Plano, "Mixed methods research: Developments, trends, and future directions," Journal of Mixed Methods Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 215–227, Jul. 2016.

    b. Books
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author, Title of Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year.
    Example:
    [2] N. K. Malhotra, Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson Education, 2019

    c. Book Chapters
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author of chapter, "Title of chapter," in Title of Book, xth ed., A. Editor, Ed. City: Publisher, Year, ch. x, pp. xxx–xxx.
    Example:
    [3] D. J. Hand, "Statistics and data mining: Intersecting disciplines," in The Oxford Handbook of Data Science, D. Blei and T. Dietterich, Eds. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2018, ch. 4, pp. 85–103.

    d. Conference Proceedings
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author, "Title of paper," in Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, City, Country, Year, pp. xxx–xxx.
    Example:
    [4] S. P. Singh and M. Sharma, "Deep learning techniques for IoT security," in Proc. 2021 Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (AIDS), Pune, India, 2021, pp. 210–216.

    e. Theses and Dissertations
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author, "Title of thesis," Degree type thesis, Department, University, City, Country, Year.
    Example:
    [5] L. F. Rahman, "Modeling economic resilience in digital marketplaces," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Economics, Univ. of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, 2023.

    f. Reports
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author, "Title of report," Company/Organization, City, Country, Report number, Year.
    Example:
    [6] World Bank, "Digital economy report: The rise of data-driven innovation," World Bank Group, Washington, DC, Rep. No. WBG-2022-05, 2022.

    g. Online Sources
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author (if available), "Title of document," Website Name, Date of publication. [Online]. Available: URL. [Accessed: Month, Day, Year].
    Example:
    [7] IEEE, "IEEE referencing style guide," IEEE, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.ieee.org/documents/ieee_style_guide.pdf. [Accessed: Oct. 31, 2025].

    h. Software or Datasets
    Basic Format:
    [No] A. Author/Organization, Title of Software or Dataset, version (if applicable). Publisher or Repository, Year. [Online]. Available: URL.
    Example:
    [8] The R Foundation, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, version 4.3.1. R Core Team, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.r-project.org/.

  2. Additional Notes
  • List all authors if there are six or fewer. If there are more than six, list the first six followed by "et al."
  • Journal names should be abbreviated according to the NLM Catalog (PubMed format).
  • Use DOI when available.
  • Ensure consistency and accuracy in all references.

These citation guidelines adhere to the IEEE style and are intended for authors submitting to the Nexus of Structural Equation Modeling (NSEM)